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Comprehensive knowledge of a computer's CPU

Important CPU terminology

Multicore

Initially, CPUs consisted of a single processing core (called Core), but now most modern CPUs consist of more than one core that allows them to execute multiple instructions simultaneously, which leads to adding many CPUs effectively over One slide.

Almost all CPUs sold today are at least dual-core, but in the upper class of computers, you'll see four (quad) CPUs, up to six, eight up to 16 cores, and more in some cases.

Multithreading

Some processors also use a technology called multithreading. Imagine a single physical CPU core that can execute two lines of commands simultaneously through two lines, thus appearing as two cores already in an operating system.

These virtual cores are not as robust as physical or existing cores, but they share the same resources and help improve the CPU's multitasking performance when running programs compatible with this technology.

Frequency (Clock Speed)

Frequency (sometimes called clock speed) is a number that is often emphasized when we talk about CPU power and is measured in gigahertz. It is abbreviated in this form (GHz) and is written next to processor speed in the product lists.

Frequency refers to the number of instructions a CPU can effectively process per second, but this is not the complete picture in terms of performance, as clock speed often plays a role when comparing CPUs from the same product family or generation.

When the names and versions of the central processors are the same, the higher frequency means a faster processor, but of course, this does not mean that a 3 GHz processor from 2010 will be the same speed as a 3 GHz processor manufactured in 2018.

This is due to the fact that each generation or version of the processors is stronger than the previous generation because it depends on new technologies added, and its manufacturing accuracy is often smaller (which is measured in nm), which leads to the advantages of tipping the scale for the new processor such as; Less energy consumption, lower temperatures, better and faster handling of other computer components.

How to read the names of the processors and understand their symbols

As for CPUs manufactured by Intel, each processor version is called a generation, such as the eighth, ninth, or tenth generation, and so on, and the generation is the number after the dash sign (-).

You can identify the processor generation by its name, for example, the Core i7-6820HK is a relatively old sixth-generation chip, because its number starts with 6, while the Core i5-10210U is a newer chip from the tenth generation because its number starts with 10.

It is worth noting that Intel divides its processors into categories; The weakest and lowest number of cores is I3, and the strongest and most numerous of the cores is I9.

There are less powerful processors than I3, such as Pentium and Celeron, but they are issued in small quantities, are often intended for specific devices, and are no longer intended for the average user who intends to purchase a desktop computer.

The order of processor categories in terms of strength from the weakest to the strongest is as follows:

• Core I3
• Core I5
• Core I7
• Core I9

This is an example (Core i5-10210U) of the version, and here is the anatomy and explanation of each part.

(Core) refers to the brand name of the processor.

(i5) is the name of the CPU class, and it refers to the number of cores (the higher the number the better).

(10) It is the name of the generation (the higher the number, the better).

The numbers following the generation number (210) usually indicate the power of the processor, and the higher it is, the greater its power, but the differences in the frequency of the cores between processors belonging to the same generation and class are often slight.

For example, the Intel® Core ™ i7-6650U has a base speed of 2.20 GHz, while the Intel® Core ™ i7-6660U Processor has a speed of 2.40 GHz. There are other differences of course, but they are slight.

As for the letter (U), or any letter that is at the end of the version whose meaning is different from one letter to another, the letter U for example indicates that this processor is designed to provide the best performance for laptops.

But if this letter is replaced by a letter F, for example, this means that this processor does not contain a GPU graphics processing unit, and therefore for your computer to work, you must purchase one separate graphics.

The most important CPU manufacturers

Computer CPU manufacturing companies

As you can see in the section on the names of the processors, most of the CPUs are manufactured by Intel and AMD, the two main companies in the field of manufacturing central processing units for desktop computers and most units for laptops.

They also provide CPUs with graphics chips, which can do more than just regular CPU functions.

• These are called APUs by AMD and are short for Accelerated Processing Unit.
• While Intel calls it a Hybrid CPU.

However, the GPUs integrated with CPUs are often of modest power, dedicated to simple tasks like watching movies, and are basically unreliable as a substitute for a discrete GPU.

Mobile CPU manufacturers

The number of companies that manufacture CPUs for smartphones and mobile phones is greater than the number of their counterparts in the world of computers, but we can summarize them in the following list, which contains the most important giants in this field:

• Apple: It manufactures chips called Bionic.
• Qualcomm: Its chipset is called Snapdragon.
• MediaTek: It manufactures chipsets called Helio.
• HiSilicon: It makes a chipset called Kirin.
• Samsung: Its chipset is called Exynos.

The mechanism of functioning of the CPUs of smartphones differs somewhat from those of a computer.

For example, most of the previous companies manufacture the CPU in a form that contains several cores designed for operations that require little processing power, and another group designed for tasks that require more processing power.

// How to find out the CPU specifications of a computer //

Learn about the processor information in your device

• Click on the window icon in the taskbar and then type System Information, and click on it as shown in this image

• After clicking on it, you will be taken to the window shown in the image below, through which you can see the CPU specifications of your device.

The picture above shows the CPU in my device manufactured by Intel, it is of the third generation, and it operates at a frequency of 3.4 GHz

Talking about the CPU can take several articles, but we tried to shorten it as much as possible without going into many technical details or explaining the working technologies of the processors that differ according to the manufacturer, and between the different processor generations manufactured by the same company.

We hope that we were able to shed sufficient light on the basic information that you need to know as a computer user, and helped you to know some information about the CPU of mobile phones as well.

Continuation of the previous lesson ==> What is the CPU (Central Processing Unit)-Its function is inside the computer